Which of the following is one of the first steps in developing a turfgrass fertilization management program?

• A. Knowledge of mowing frequency
• B. Knowledge of soils
• C. Knowledge of irrigation systems
• D. Knowledge of pesticide labels

Answer: (B)

Knowing about soils is the starting point because soil properties directly shape how nutrients become available to turfgrass. A soil test reveals pH, nutrient levels, organic matter, texture, and cation exchange capacity, which together determine what the grass already has, what it needs, and how fertilizers will behave in the root zone. With this information you can select the right fertilizer types, set accurate rates, and time applications to match the grass’s uptake and growth cycle, while also addressing pH or organic matter issues that can affect nutrient availability. This foundation helps prevent waste, reduces environmental risk from leaching or runoff, and ensures that subsequent steps—like irrigation management and cultural practices—are effective. Mowing frequency and irrigation systems matter for overall turf health, and pesticide labels matter for chemical use, but they hinge on understanding soil conditions to make informed fertilization decisions.