What is the recommended root flare position when transplanting trees and shrubs?

• A. Several inches below grade.
• B. At or slightly above grade.
• C. Deep within the soil.
• D. Above the crown level.

Answer: (B)

Root flare is the point where the trunk widens into the root system, and it should meet the soil surface so the flare is visible and not buried. Planting with the root flare at or just above grade ensures proper air exchange and drainage for the roots, and prevents soil from covering and irritating the lower trunk. If the flare ends up several inches below grade, soil covers the flare and can lead to root rot, poor drainage, and girdling roots that constrict growth. Deeply buried flares also keep moisture trapped around the trunk, inviting disease and decay. Placing the flare higher than the crown level exposes the bark to sun and drying winds, increasing the risk of bark damage and desiccation. So, the best practice is to position the root flare at or slightly above the soil surface, with the surrounding soil gently firmed to grade.